单项选择题

根据短文回答第 36 题 题。
up in Smoke
I began to smoke when I was in high school In fact, I remember the evening I was at a girlfriend's house, and we were watching a movie--a terribly romantic movie He (the hero of the movie) was in love, she (his lady) was beautiful, and they were both smoking My friend had only two cigarettes from a pack in her mother's purse, and she gave one to me It was my first time
My parents didn't care much They both smoked, and my older brother did too My mother told me that smokers don't grow tall, bull was already 5'6' (taller than most of the boys in my class), so I was happy to hear that 'fact' In school, the teachers talked against smoking, but the cigarette advertisements were so exciting The men in the ads were so good-looking and so successful, and the women were--well, they were beautiful and sophisticated (老于世故的)
I read a book called How to Stop Smoking The writer said that smoking wastes time, and that cigarettes cost a lot of money 'So what?' I thought The book didn't say that smoking can take away years of your life But ten years later, every' one began to hear about the negative effects of cigarette smoke: lung disease, cancer, and heart problems After that, there was a health warning on every pack of cigarettes I didn't pay much attention to the reports and warnings I felt healthy, and thought I was taking good care of myself
Then two events changed my mind First, I started to cough I thought it was just a cold, but it didn't get better Second, my brother got lung cancer He got sicker and sicker My brother and I used to smoke cigarettes together over twenty years ago, and we smoked our last cigarettes together the day before he died I sat with him in his hospital room, and I decided to quit 'NO more cigarettes, ever,' I said to myself
However, it was very hard to stop Nicotine (尼古丁) is a drug; as a result, cigarettes
cause a powerful addiction I tried several times to quit on my own--without success I made excuses I told myself: Smoking helps me keep my figure—i.e I don't gain weight when I smoke Smoking not only relaxes me but it also helps me think clearly I'm a free, liberated woman I can smoke when I want to
Finally, I ran out of excuses -I might say my excuses went up in smoke I joined the
'Stop Smoking' program at the local hospital, which also ended up in failure
第 36 题 How the writer started smoking shows the powerful influence of( )
A.educational institutions
B.one's social status
C.the mass media
D.public opinions

A.e
B.educational
C.one's
D.the
E.public
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单项选择题
根据下列材料请回答 16~22 题:Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’S rest.It's a huge quality—of-life problem,experts say,because contrary to popular belief,seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)pa rt of aging,”said Dr.Harrison G.Bloom,an associate clinical professor of geriatrics(老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.“It’S pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger peoplE.”Yet in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine,researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they neeD.older people tend to have“sleep fragmentation,”meaning they wake up more often during the night,said study author Dr.Julie Gammck,an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St.Louis University.They also seem to get less“REM”sleep,the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs,Bloom addeD.It’s unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person’s quality of life,Bloom saiD.“What is important,though,is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,”he saiD.And,experts say,there is usually more than one causE.“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses,including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,”said Michael V.Vitiello , a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington’S Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications,as many older people do,can also lead t0 fatigue a“ hypersomnia ,”or being tired all the time,Bloom addeD.Another big problem,he noted,IS depression and anxiety.“Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.”Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults,many patients Aren’t getting the help they need。As a result,problems like insomnia(失眠),restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated,Bloom saiD.第 16 题 Sleep problems can seriously affect one’s quality of lifeA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
A.It's
B.
“Sleep
C.Harrison
D.Bloom,an
E.“It’S
F.”
Yet
G.
older
H.Julie
I.Louis
J.
They
K.
It’s
L.“What
M.
And,experts
N.
“Sleep
O.Vitiello
P.
Taking
Q.
Another
R.“Those
S.”
Despite
T.Right
U.Wrong
V.Not
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根据下列材料请回答 23~30 题:Depression and the Elderly1 We all feel sad at times.However,clinical depression is a serious matter.Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression,is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one’s thoughts,feelings,behavior,and physical health.When people complain that they feel terrible,they have no interest or take no pleasure in things,have trouble sleeping,lack energy,have poor appetite,or cannot concentrate,depression is a definite possibility.2 Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 years or older.Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes(发作)of the illness during much of their lives。For others.depression has a first onset(起病)in late life—even for those in their 80s and 90s.Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disability and causes great suffering for the individual and the family3 Many older people and their families don’t-recognize the symptoms of depression,aren’t aware that it is a medical illness,and don’t know how it is treated Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as sighs of dementia(痴呆).Also,many older people think that depression is a character flaw(缺陷)and are worried about being stigmatized(给…带来耻辱),SO they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed(羞耻的)to get help,Others worry that treatment would be too costly.4 Older persons with depression rarely seek treatment for the illness。Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality(死亡率).The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men?Depression IS the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population。Tragically,many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help -20%see a doctor the day they die,40%the week they die,and 70%in the month they diE.Yet depression is frequently misseD.第 23 题 Paragraph 1_____________
A.However,clinical
B.Clinical
C.When
D.
2
E.5
F.Most
G.depression
H.Depression
I.Also,many
J.
4
K.The
L.Yet