单项选择题

Throughout human history there have been many stringent taboos concerning watching other people eat or eating in the presence of others. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who axe involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. Undoubtedly such elements exist in the taboos, but there is an additional element with a much more fundamental importancE.In prehistoric times, when food was so precious and the on-lookers so hungry, not to offer half of the little food one had was unthinkable, since every glance was a plea for lifE.Further, during those times, people existed in nuclear or extended family groups, and the sharing of food was quite literally supporting one' s family or, by extension, preserving one' s selF.
If the argument in the passage is valid, taboos against eating in-the presence of others who are NOT also eating would be LEAST likely in a society that ______.
A.always had a plentiful supply of food
B.emphasized the need to share worldly goods
C.emphasized the value of privacy
D.discouraged overindulgence

A.If
B.
A.always
C.emphasized
D.emphasized
E.discouraged
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THE MAGIC OF EXERCISESuppose there was a potion that could keep you strong and trim as you aged, while protecting your heart and bones; improving your mood, sleep and memory; warding off breast and colon cancer, and reducing your overall risk of dying prematurely. Studies have shown that exercise can have all those benefits—even for people who take it up late in lifE.Kin Narita and Gin Kanie, Japanese twins who are national longevity icons, celebrated their 105th birthday last week by planting trees and playing golf for the first timE.Kanie suggested that activity might be a key to their long lives. 'At this age I walk for two hours each morning for exercise,' she saiD.When Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger started tracking the health of 19,000 Harvard and University of Pennsylvania alumni back in the early 1960s, many experts thought vigorous exercise was downright dangerous for people over 50. But the Stanford epidemiologist turned that wisdom on its heaD.In a landmark 1986 study, Paffenbarger showed that the participants' death rates fell in direct proportion to the number of calories they burned each week. Those burning 2,000 a week (roughly the number it takes to walk 20 miles) suffered only half the annual mortality of the couch potatoes, thanks mainly to a lower rate of heart diseasE.Subsequent studies have shown that different activities bring different rewards. Everyone now agrees that aerobic exercise preserves the heart, lungs and brain, and researchers at Tufts University have recently shown that weight lifting can do as much for the frail elderly as it does for high school jocks. When Dr. Maria Fiatarone got 10 chronically ill nursing-home residents to lift weights three times a week for two months, the participants' average walking speed nearly tripled, and their balance improved by halF.EATING TO NOURISH LONG LIFEWe all know that living on fat, salt and empty calories can have a range of nasty consequences, from obesity and impotence to hypertension and heart diseasE.Yet there are other ways to eat, and people who adopt them stay younger longer. In controlled studies, San Francisco cardiologist Dean Ornish has shown that a diet based on low-fat, nutrient-rich foods not only prevents heart disease — the Western world's leading cause of early death — but can help reverse it. And other studies suggest that dietary changes could virtually eliminate the high blood pressure that places 50 million older Americans at high risk of stroke, heart attack and kidney failurE.You wouldn't know that from watching people age in the United States. Hypertension afflicts a third of all Americans in their 50s, half of those in their 60s and more than two thirds of those over 70. But preindustrial people don' t follow that pattern. Whether they happen to live in China or Africa, Alaska or the Amazon, people in primitive settings experience no change in blood pressure as they age, and the reason is fairly simple: they don't eat processed foods. Dr. Paul Whelton of Tulane University' s School of Public Health has spent the past decade tracking 15,000 indigenous Yi people in southwestern ChinA.As long as they eat a traditional diet — rice, a little meat and a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables — these rural farmers virtually never develop hypertension. But when they migrate to nearby towns, their blood pressure starts to rise with agE.What makes processed food so harmful? Salt is one key suspect. When you subsist mainly on fresh plant foods — as our ancestors did for roughly 7 million years — you get 10 times more potassium than sodium. That 10-to-one ratio is, by Eaton' s reasoning, the one our bodies are designed for. But salt is now showered on foods at every stage of processing and preparation, while potassium leaches out. As a result, most of us now consume more salt than potassium. 'Modern humans are the only mammals that do that, 'says Eaton,A.people who suffer high mortalityB.people who take little exerciseC.people who walk 40 miles a weekD.people who have a lower rate of heart disease
A.B.
C.
EATING
D.
E.people
F.people
G.people
H.people
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PubLic transit. In North America, public transportation has been the major casualty of the commitment to the automobilE.Ridership on public transportation declined in the United States from 23 billion per year in the late 1940s to 7 billion in the early 1990s. At the end of World War I, U.S. cities had 50,000 kilometers of street railways and trolleys that carried 14 billion passengers a year, but only a few hundred kilometers of track remain. The number of U.S. and Canadian cities with trolley service declined from about fifty in 1950 to eight in the 1960s: Boston, Cleveland, New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, and Toronto.Buses offered a more flexible service than trolleys, because they were not restricted to operating only on fixed tracks. General Motors acquired many of the privately Owned streetcar companies and replaced the trolleys with buses that the company madE.But bus ridership has declined from a peak of 11 billion riders per year in the late 1940s to 5 million in the 1990s. Commuter railroad service, like trolleys and buses, has also been drastically reduced in most U. S. cities.The one exception to the downward trend in public transportation in the United States is the subway, now known to transportation planners as fixed heavy rail. Cities such as Boston and Chicago have attracted new passengers through construction of new lines and modernization of existing servicE.Chicago has been a pioneer in the construction of heavy-rail rapid transit lines in the median strip of expressways. Entirely new Subway systems have been built in recent years in a number of U. S. cities, including Atlanta, Baltimore, Miami, Sag Francisco, and Washington, D.C..Public transportation is particularly suited to bringing a large number of people into a small area in a short period of timE.Consequently, its use is increasingly confined in the United States to rush-hour commuting by workers in the central business district. A bus can accommodate thirty people in the amount of space occupied by one automobile, while a double-track rapid transit line can transport the same number of people as sixteen lanes of urban freeway.Despite modest recent successes, most public transportation systems are caught in a vicious circle, because fares do not cover operating costs. As patronage declines and expenses rise, the fares are increased, which drives away 'passengers and leads to service reductions and still higher fares. Public expenditures to subsidize construction and operating costs have increased, but public officials in the United States do not consider that public transportation is a vital utility deserving subsidy to the degree long assumed by European governments.In contrast, even in the relatively developed Western European countries and Japan, where automobile ownership rates are high, extensive networks of bus, tram, and subway lines have been maintained, and funds for new construction have been provided in recent years, Since the late 1960s, London has opened 27 kilometers of subways, including two new lines, plus 18 kilometers in light rail transit lines to serve the docklands areA.During the same period, Paris has built 65 kilometers of new subway lines, including a new system, known as the Reseau Express Regional (R. E.R. ) to serve outer suburbs.Smaller cities have shared the construction boom. In France alone, new subway, Jines have been built since the 1970s in Lille, Lyon, and Marseille, and hundreds of kilometers of entirely new tracks have been laid between the country's major cities to operate a high-speed train known as the TGV.Which of the following is NOT true of the public transportation systems in the developed countries?A.In the U. S. , commuter railroad service, trolleys and buses have been reduceD.B.Subways have largely been maintaineD.C.Fares usually could not cover operating costs.D.U.S. public officials think it worthwhile to subsidize public transportation.
A.S.
B.S.
C.
D.
E.C..
F.
G.
H.
I.
Which
J.In
K.
B.Subways
L.
C.Fares
M.
D.U.S.
N.
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