填空题

Modern Examinations In the schools of ancient times, the most important examinations were spoken. Usually the students were supposed to say poetry aloud or give [1] ______ (1) ______or discuss questions. Although the concrete forms of exami nations were various, they were alike in their essence, that is, they were spoken, which partly remains till today. However, modern examinations take a different form —— a written [2] ______ form, which was developed in the 19th century due to the increase in (2) ______and the development of modern industry. But in the process of [3] ______ examination, teachers and students are supposed to act like (3)______ but not human. [4] ______ Commonly there are two types of tests used in modern schools, they [5] ______ are called "objective" test and "subjective" test respectively. With the former one concentrated on the (4) ______of facts while the latter one on personal (5) ______, the two are different in many ways. Of course [6] ______ they both have advantages and disadvantages. So far as the "objective" test [7] ______ is concerned, it is fair, above all, and then it is very efficient because its [8] ______ form of answer is simple and objective, and it is easy to be (6)______ But as this way of testing sometimes depends too much on "(7)______ ’, it is ultimately not very satisfactory. As for the "subjective" test, it u [9] ______ sually refers to "(8)______ "tests, which, comparatively speaking, contains less element of luck and thus can better reflect the students’ abili ty of putting facts together into a meaningful whole. However, because this [10] ______ form of testing requires students to write long answers, the students’ ability of (9)______becomes a disturbing factor. Besides, the examiners’ feelings are different, that is to say, they are subjective when scoring students’ answers. Therefore, the "subjective" test is not so fair as the "objective" one. From the above, we know that whatever kinds of tests .we take, it would be (10)______, and problems would arise. However, if we combine these two types together, we would get a clearer picture of students’ ability through testing.