问答题

In order to (47)______ unemployment and why it happens, economists often split unemployment into the following four types. Demand-deficient unemployment (48)______ when there is not enough demand to employ all those who want to work. It is also often known as cyclical unemployment because it will vary with the trade cycle. When the economy is (49)______, there will be lots of demand and so firms will be employing large numbers of workers. Demand-deficient unemployment will at this stage of the cycle be fairly low. If the economy slows down, then firms will begin to (50)______ workers off as they do not need to produce so much. Demand-deficient unemployment rises. Seasonal unemployment is fairly self (51)______. Father Christmas tends to only be in demand for a short period of the year, and the rest of the year would certainly be (52)______ as seasonally unemployed. Most other seasonal unemployment is less (53)______ than this, and tends to occur in certain industries, such as hotel and catering, tourism, fruit picking etc. When somebody loses their job (or chooses to leave it), they will have to look for another one. If they are lucky they find one quite quickly, but they may be unlucky and it may take some time. On average it will take everybody a reasonable period of time as they search for the right job. This (54)______ frictional or search unemployment while they look. The more efficiently the job market is matching people to jobs, the lower this form of unemployment will be. However, if there is imperfect information and people don’’t get to hear of jobs (55)______ that may suit them then frictional unemployment will be higher. Structural unemployment occurs when the structure of industry changes. As an economy develops over time the type of industries may well change. This may be because people’’s tastes have changed or it may be because technology has moved on and the product or service is no longer in demand. The (56)______ of structural unemployment will depend on various things, such as mobility of labour, the pace of change in the economy and the regional structure of industry. Word Bank A) explanatory B) severe C) modifications D) available E) booming F) neglects G) analyze H) reduction I) lay J) necessary K) classified L) creates M) occurs N) resistant O) extent