单项选择题

Let’’s now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned (被诋毁的)type of scientist, the theorist. Theorists are considered separately, since they are the rarest, most fascinating, and most important of the species scientists. Their motivational system most often is that of the Player, although occasionally it is that of the Operator. Although theorists are often viewed as cold. rational, deliberate machine, they are generally almost the opposite of this popular picture. They are usually individuals of strong feelings who have the ego of actors and an irrational, almost mysterious attachment to particular views of their discipline. The appearance of cool deliberation is their public face. which often represents only their contempt for contact with the spectators. There are important occupational differences between theorists and other scientists. Theo risks set the framework within which others do their research. Those other than the theorists do the important work of filling in details of existing theories. Non-theorists fulfill a relatively safe and useful function. Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist unless he or she happens to accumulate evidence contrary to the status quo (现状). What is the general personality makeup of theorists Are they normal, neurotic (神经病的), or even psychotic (患精神病的) They rarely fit the pattern of middle-class formality, and yet they are intensely in touch with their own reality. Perhaps they don’’t fit any of the usual category. George Bernard Shaw once said, "The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man." Perhaps his message was to tolerate the objectors, the eccentrics, and in general those who disagree with what we know is right so long as they don’’t become too violent. Tolerate them. not out of any sense of humanity but for foolish self-inter est. A few of them arc innovators, and society needs them infinitely more than they need society. In reviewing all the groups of scientists and science-trained individuals we have encountered, we find a range of individuals spread over the whole spectrum of human behavior but with some important common characteristics. Scientists are neither supermen nor naive children. They are not foggily (模糊的) absent-minded or unrealistic; rather, many of the things they consider important and real are often quite different from those of the "everyday" world. In the author’’s opinion, ______.