单项选择题

Samuel Johnson, the great writer and critic of eighteenth-century England, once said "The future is purchased by the present." This concise and truthful comment forces us to ask, "Are we willing to be more conservative in our life requirements, and are we willing to moderate our use of the world’s resources to insure a better environment and a greater abundance of natural wealth for others today throughout the world and for future generations Can we, in fact, reduce our consumption of petroleum, coal and electricity, in order to reduce the pollution and environmental pressures created by excessive energy use and to allow others to live a better life Are we willing to spend more money for pollution control and environmental restoration Are we willing to devote more effort to recycling Can we moderate our demand for fat-rich diets and super-processed convenience food Can we reduce world-wide militarism and violence so that fewer of the earth’s resources are spent on security forces and machines of destruction"
These are some of the central issues of the twentieth century, and ones on which the quality of present and future environments may depend. We all recognize many attributes of modem civilizations and life styles which are ecologically expensive, but in order to change them we must change both our attitudes and our habits. Coupled with this need for a change in our attitudes and life styles, there is a clear need for greater knowledge and wisdom in coping with the problems of our demographic and technological success. There is a strong case for the establishment of a new phase of environmental awareness, called "earthmanship". Such an awareness would recognize not only the complexity and interdependence of the ecosphere(生态圈), but also the need to preserve the ecological and cultural diversity of the world, the intergrity and stability of its natural communities and the dignity and freedom of human populations. The concept of earthmanship does not ignore human values, nor does it exclude economic progress, but it does emphasize that such progress must come through greater understanding and more harmonious cooperation with nature. An economist, Ernest Schumacher, stated the case very well, when he wrote, "Wisdom demands a new orientation of science and technology towards the organic, the gentle, the nonviolent, the elegant and the beautiful...We must look for a revolution in technology ( and the human spirit ) which will reverse the destructive trends now threatening us all.\
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