TEXT C The making of
classifications by literary historians can be a somewhat risky enterprise. When
Black poets are discussed separately as a group, for instance, the extent to
which their work reflects the development of poetry in general should not be
forgotten, or a distortion of literary history may result. This reminder is
particularly relevant in an assessment of the differences between Black poets at
the turn of last century (1900—1909) and those of the generation of’ the 1920s.
These differences include the bolder and more forthright speech of the later
generation and its technical inventiveness. It should be remembered, though,
that comparable differences ’also existed for similar generations of White
poets. When poets of the 1910s and 1920s are considered
together, however, the distinctions that literary historians might make between
"conservative" and "experimental" would be of little significance in a
discussion of Black poets, although these remain helpful classification for
White poets of these decades①. Certainly differences can be noted
between "conservative" Black poets such as Countee Cullen, and Cluade McKay and
"experimental" ones such as Jean Toomer and Langston Hughes. But Black poets
were not battling over old or new styles; rather, one accomplished Black poet
was ready to welcome another, whatever his or her style, for what mattered was
racial pride. However, in the 1920s Black poets did debate with
specifically racial subjects. They asked whether they should only write about
Black experience for a Black audience or whether such demands were restrictive.
It may be said, though, that virtually all those poets wrote their best poems
when they spoke out of racial feeling, race being, as James Johnson rightly put
it "inevitably the thing the Negro poet knows best"②.
At the turn of the 20th century, by contrast, most Black poets
generally wrote in the conventional manner of the age and expressed noble, if
vague, emotions in their poetry. These poets were not unusually gift ed, though
Roscoe Jamision and G. M. McClellan may be mentioned as exceptions. They chose
not to write in dialect, which, as Sterling Brown has suggested, "meant a
rejection of stereotypes of Nero life," and they refused to write only about
racial subjects. This refusal had both a positive and a negative
consequence. As Brown observes, "Valuably insisting that Negro poets should not
be confined to issues of race, these poets committed (an) error.., they refused
to look into their hearts and write. "These are important insights, but one must
stress that this refusal to look within was also typical of most White poets of
the United States at the time. They, too, often turned from their own experience
and consequently produced not very memorable poems about vague topics, such as
the peace of nature. According to the text, most turn-of-the-century Black poets generally ______.
A.wrote in ways that did not challenge accepted literary practice B.aroused patriotic feelings by expressing devotion to the land C.expressed complex feelings in the words of ordinary people D.interpreted the frustrations of Blacks to an audience of Whites