填空题

In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical energy used in the production of that product. When　1　in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firm’’s　2　to the national economy. It is a more　3　index, of course, than　4　sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells　5　about production costs and　6　the manufacturing firm is　7　at a profit or at a loss. 　　In education there is now a spirited　8　as to whether such a concept would not be most　9　for college graduates is evidently　10　in the salaries they can command 　11　receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command　12　salaries upon graduation and by implication, there must be an　13　value added to their marketability　14　the education and training they　15　in college. When looked at more closely,　16　,the missing factor is　17　the difference between learner capabilities　18　to their educational experiences and graduate capabilities after　19　a college degree. In brief, how much does the student　20　from the instruction he or she has received

【参考答案】

C

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单项选择题

Arnold would most likely disagree with the statement that

A．the capacity to conceive is the foundation of culture.
B．culture operates in a wide array of social institutions.
C．the traditional curriculum should be duly reformed.
D． the anarchy culture is a type of defiance against the authority.

填空题

The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61 ) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from exotic language, were not always so grateful. 63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64 ) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65 ) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.