填空题

New York was once the murder capital of the world. Thanks to the zero-tolerance policing policy introduced by Giuliani, the mean streets have turned into clean ones. ⅠThere are some aspects about the policy: 1) The policing is based on a 1983 paper called "Broken Windows", which suggested a clamp-down on (1) ______ as a way of lowering all crime. (1) ______ 2) The responsibility for ways of fighting crime devolved from a centralised (2) ______to precinct commanders, and police used computers to track (2) ______ and target crime (3) ______ more easily. (3) ______ Ⅱ This transformation attracted (4) ______ (4) ______ However, some people do not like "zero tolerance". reasons: 1) It implies a lack of tolerance for any deviation from (5) ______ (5) ______ 2) The (6) ______ is exactly what zero-tolerance policing encourages. (6) ______ 3) The crime rates spiral up and down in unexplained cycles and they are no (7) ______ to reducing crime. (7) ______ 4) The drop in crime had to come with the introduction of almost any new tough police policy, because (8) ______ was so high. (8) ______ 5) The zero-tolerance policing is a dangerous fad that risks creating an arrogant police force because it gives police (9) ______ (9) ______ There are also some persons supporting the policy. reasons: But police president O’ Connor calls zero-tolerance policing a "win-win solution". Other factors must be considered for long-term solutions. Highlighting New York’ s success provides (10) ______. to police and the communities themselves that (10) ______ crime can be stopped.