填空题

The benefits and troubles of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be (26) and the good land worked (27) . Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income then could (28) a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more (29) for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to (30) them.
One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country (31) the level of industrial development and the (32) of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to (33) the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society, the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for (34) goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or (35) . The benefits and troubles of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be (26) and the good land worked (27) . Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income then could (28) a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more (29) for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to (30) them.
One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country (31) the level of industrial development and the (32) of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to (33) the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society, the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for (34) goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or (35) .