填空题

Giving birth to a child was a life-or-death struggle for the mother and baby as late as the early half of this century; an estimate survey revealed a (36) ________ rate among mothers as high as 15 per thousand and infant mortality as high as 200 per thousand at that time. Midwifery was practiced by the mother-in-law, the mother herself, or more (37) ________, by an elderly woman in the village who practiced more (38) ________ means than useful aid to the mother. By the time of the (39) ________ of the People’’s Republic of China, some sixty years ago, a basic maternity and child hygiene (40) ________ had been established in China. The statistics for 1950 (41) ________ that there were 126 maternity and/or child hygiene hospitals or (42) ________, 54 midwifery schools and 45,910 trained (43) ________. While efforts were made to train more medical workers, traditional midwives were also trained in the new midwifery method. (44) ___________________________. (45) ___________________________. However, difficult labor, post-natal hemorrhage and premature delivery were threatening women’’s lives. (46) ___________________________.