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Shortly after the British naturalist, Charles Darwin,
published his theory of evolution, a Victorian lady was asked what she thought
of the idea that humans and animals were descended from a common ancestor. "Let
us hope it is not true," she said. (46) This
story is probably apocryphal, but it illustrates well the attitudes of the
time. (47) Many people accept Darwin’s view of how we came
into being that our bodies evolved through the process of natural selection
acting on our genes. However, Darwin believed evolution was
responsible for far more than just our physical characteristics. He saw it as
the major influence in shaping our psychology. In- deed, he predicted that "in
the distant future, psychology will be based on a new foundation". (48)
To proponents of concepts like free will and personal
responsibility, such an idea seems absurd. (49) Their
research has revealed increasing evidence that the human mind is made up of
innate mechanisms, which control everything from the way we perceive time and
space, to how we learn survival techniques and choose mates.
(50) Steven Pinker, Professor of Cognitive Science at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, likens language ability to computer
software, "children learn a new word every 90 minutes of their waking life for
years, then they have to figure out how to string them together using a kind of
mental computer program. The essence of human language is the ability to convey
new ideas by putting words together in different combinations. Since we all have
this language ’software’ in our minds, we can figure out what others are saying
by the meanings of the words and the order in which they are
arranged." A. Today, we are more comfortable with out
past. B. "And, if it is true, let us hope it does not become
public knowledge." C. But a growing number of scientists are
questioning the extent to which our behavior is controlled by our
culture. D. Many people are calling for controls on cloning
immedicte1y before the practice is abused. E. The foundation
was, of course, his theory of evolution. F. Nowhere is this more
obvious than our innate ability to learn languages.