Nearly all surgical stunts stick themselves with needles and (62) instruments while in training. But (63) fail to report the injuries, (64) their health and that of their families and patients to the threat of (65) disease, according to a survey by Dr. Makary and colleagues being published today. Their being (66) was the chief reason the surgical residents (67) for the injuries, which were mostly (68) . The survey revealed that young surgeons didn’t report the potentially fatal injuries for a range of reasons. (69) a time surgeons feel that doing so would take too much time, could (70) career opportunities and might cause a loss of face among (71) . In addition, there was a (72) belief that getting even timely medical attention would not prevent infection. "It’s been long (73) , but no one truly appreciated the (74) of the problem," said Martin Makary. "Every surgeon is (75) to be on anti-HIV medications and is at risk for contracting HIV and hepatitis at far higher rates than we suspected." "Part of the surgical culture has been maintaining the patient first at all cost, and when an accident occurs in the operating room, the surgeon’s (76) inclination is to continue with the operation," he said. "But the extent of the problem is much greater than we thought. Previous estimates of injuries understate the seriousness of the problem, (77) mast of the injuries are not being recorded." "More hospitals need to do a better job in protection", Makary said. "They need more appropriate and more timely surgical systems (78) surgeons can get medical treatment immediately, not after a long (79) process that takes them away from the patient." The findings (80) the need for "immediate steps to improve safety and care for health care workers to reduce the spread of HIV and hepatitis infection," he said. The hospitals could (81) so-called "sharpies" technologies where possible, including electric scalpels, clips and glues.