For questions 1-4, mark Y ( for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT G/VEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5-10, provide the answers by either making the best choice or filling in the blank with the information given in the passage. The Transaction by William Zinsser A school in Connecticut once held "a day to the arts," and I was asked if I would come and talk about writing as a vocation. When I arrived I found that a second speaker had been invited - Dr. Brock, a surgeon who had recently begun to write and had sold some stories to magazines. He was going to talk about writing as an avocation. That made us a panel (专题讨 论小组) , and we sat down to face a crowd of students, teachers and parents, all eager to learn the secrets of our glamorous work. Dr. Brock was dressed in a bright red jacket, looking vaguely bohemian as authors are supposed to look, and the first question went to him. What was it like to be a writer He said it was tremendous fun. Coming home from an arduous day at the hospital, he would go straight to his yellow pad and write his tensions away. The words just flowed. It was easy. I then said that writing wasn’t easy and it wasn’t fun. It was hard and lonely, and the words seldom just flowed. Next Dr. Brock was asked if it was important to rewrite. Absolutely not, he said. "Let it all hang out," and whatever form the sentences take will reflect the writer at his most natural. I then said that rewriting is the essence of writing. I pointed out that professional writers rewrite their sentences repeatedly and then rewrite what they have rewritten. I mentioned that E, B. White and James Thurber rewrite their pieces eight or nine times. "What do you do on days when it isn’t going well" Dr. Brock was asked. He said he just stopped writing and put the work aside for a day and then it would go better. I said the professional writer must establish a daily schedule and stick to it. I said that writing is a craft, not an art, and that the man who runs away from his craft because he lacks inspiration is fooling himself. He is also going broke. "What if you’re feeling depressed or unhappy" a student asked. "Won’t that affect your writing " Probably it will, Dr. Brock replied. Go fishing. Take a walk. Probably it won’t, I said. If your job is to write every day, you learn to do it like any other job.. A student asked if we found it useful to circulate in the literary world. Dr. Brock said he was greatly enjoying his new life as a man of letters. And he told several stories of being taken to lunch by his publisher and his agent at Manhattan restaurants where writers and editors gather. I said that professional writers are solitary drudges who seldom see other writers. "Do you put symbolism in your writing" a student asked me. "Not if I can help it," I replied. I have an unbroken record of missing the deeper meaning in any story, play or movie, and as for dance and mime, I have never had any idea of what is being conveyed. "I love symbols! " Dr. Brock exclaimed, and he described with gusto the joy of weaving them through his work. So the morning went and it was a revelation to all of us. At the end Dr. Brock told me he was enormously interested in my answers - it had never occurred to him that writing could be hard. I told him I was just as interested in his answers - it had never occurred to me that writing could be easy. (Maybe I should take up surgery on the side. ) As for the students, anyone might think we left them bewildered. But in fact we probably gave them a broader glimpse of the writing process than if only one of us had talked. For there isn’t any " right" way to do such intensely personal work. There are all kinds of writers and all kinds of methods, and any method that helps you to say what you want to say is the right method for you. Some people write by day, others by night. Some people need silence, others turn on the radio. Some write by hand, some by typewriter or word processor, some by talking into a tape recorder. Some people write their first draft in one long burst and then revise; others can’t write the second paragraph until they have fiddled endlessly with the first. But all of them are vulnerable and all of them are tense. They are driven by a compulsion to put some part of themselves on paper, and yet they don’t just write what comes naturally. They sit down to commit an act of literature, and the self who emerges on paper is far stiffer than the person who sat down to write. The problem is to find the real man or woman behind all the tension. Ultimately the product any writer has to sell is not the subject being written about, but who he or she is. I often find myself reading with interest about a topic I never thought would interest me. What holds me is the enthusiasm of the writer for his field. How was he drawn into it What emotional baggage did he bring along How did it change his life It’s not necessary to want to spend a year alone in Walden Pond to become deeply involved with a writer who did. This is the personal transaction that’s at the heart of good nonfiction writing. Out of it come two of the most important qualities that this book will go in search for: humanity and warmth. Good writing has an aliveness that keeps the reader reading from one paragraph to the next, it’s not a question of gimmicks to "personalize" the author. It’s a question of using the English language in a way that will achieve the greatest strength and the least clutter. Can such principles be taught Maybe not. But most of them can be learned. Both writers were asked a lot of questions about writing, and to each of the questions, totally different answers were provided.