填空题

Cryptic Coloring Cryptic coloring is the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. Ⅰ Cryptic coloring, may be either general or special. General 1) In general resemblance the animal through its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but no special adaptation of shape and (1) ______ (1) ______ is required. 2) General resemblance is commonly employed by the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth’ s surface, such as (2) ______. The (2) ______ effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling (3) ______. (3) ______ Special Special resemblance is far commoner than the general one and is the form usually met with on the diversified surface (4) ______, as well as on the floating masses of algae (4) ______ on the surface of the ocean. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular (5) ______. (5) ______ Accordingly we can note that the animal tries to be hidden from view by becoming (6) ______ from its background in case of general resemblance while the animal tries to (6) ______ be mistaken for some well-known object in case of special resemblance. Ⅱ People have tried to explain these adaptations in two ways. 1) The first suggestion that the effect is a result of the direct influence of the environment on the (7) ______ breaks down when the complex nature of (7) ______ numerous special resemblances is (8) ______ (8) ______ 2) The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in (9) ______. The (9) ______ cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of many factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in (10) ______. (10) ______