Passage Two Questions
66- 70 are based on the following passage. The
sixteenth international AIDS conference opened on Sunday in Toronto, Canada.
More than twenty-four thousand delegates from one hundred thirty-two countries
are attending the six-day conference. They include scientists, health care
providers, activists, political and business leaders and people living with the
disease. Many people attending the AIDS conference represent private
non-governmental organizations, or NGOs. Political scientists
often describe NGOs as "pressure groups" because of their effect on world
issues. They have little official power over international decision-making.
However, NGOs often influence international policy.
A broad definition of NGO is any non-profit group that is independent of
government. Most of these private organizations have one or more goals.
For example, some support community development, provide social
services and help poor people. Others support human rights and social justice.
Still others work to protect the environment. NGOs support many issues and
operate around the world. Some of the most well-known include Oxfam, Amnesty
International and Greenpeace. James Paul heads the Global Policy
Forum. It is an NGO in New York City that studies policy-making at the United
Nations. He says that some NGOs represent industries or businesses, the
interests of governments, or even criminal groups. He sacs it would be a mistake
to believe that all NGOs are neutral. The World Bank has divided
NGOs into three main groups. The first is community-based organizations that
serve populations in a small geographical area. The second is national NGOs,
which operate in individual developing countries. International NGOs are the
third kind. These organizations usually have their headquarters in
industrialized countries. They carry out operations in more than one developing
nation. Information about the total number of non-governmental
organizations is incomplete. However, experts estimate that tens of thousands of
NGOs are active around the world. Large international NGOs may have operating
budgets of tens of millions of dollars. However, most NGOs are much
smaller. Questions: The World Bank has divided NGOs into three main groups which are ______,______ and ______.