Directions: Read the following text carefully and
then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be
written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.
Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his
other teachings. (46) Its motive was religious, but he chimed also for it
that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired
political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists.
Satyagraha, (47) the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in
South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy
without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such
things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains,
enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the
like Gandhi objected to "passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in
Gujaruti, it seems the word means "firmness in the truth." (48) In his early
days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War,
and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914--1918. Even
after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough. to see that in
wax it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life
centered round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (49)
indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that
in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who
wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding
awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had
a clear obligation to answer is: What about the Jews and are you prepared to see
them exterminated (50) I must say that I have never heard, from any Western
pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of
evasions, usually of the "you’re another" type. But it so happens that
Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on
record in Mr. Louis Fisher’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher,
Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which
"would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s
violence."