填空题

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
Now listen to the mini-lecture.
What is a port city
As a center of land-sea exchange, a major source of livelihood, a major force for cultural (1) , the port cities have many different points with other kinds of cities:
Ⅰ. Port and harbour
1) Harbour is a physical concept, a (2) for ships;
2) Port is an economic concept, a center of (3) .
Ⅱ. Port cities and non-port cities
Many of the world’s biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and (4) began as ports.
Ⅲ. Port functions
The most important functions of port are making a city (5) . In it races, cultures, (6) , as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city.
Ⅳ. Transformed sea port
Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels so many formerly important ports have become economically and physically (7) as a result.
Ⅴ. Basic function of the port cities
(8) the city is port cities’ basic function. For example, Shanghai, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on.
Ⅵ. Other activities
No city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities, and a city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships (9) .
Ⅶ. The location of the chief commercial and administrative center in port cities
Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative center of the city close to (10) .