填空题

The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been (36) by different cultures and religions. In ancient times unwanted children were occasionally (37) , put to death, exploited, or offered for religious (38) , and in any event a large percentage of them didn’t survive their physically (39) existence to achieve maturity. In Western (40) within the last few hundred years, there have been many changes in attitude toward the young. In (41) Europe, and later with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the children of the poor worked long hours for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety or welfare. Punishment could be (42) and severe, and sometimes religious passions were expressed violently with a view toward saving the child’s soul. By the eighteenth century the harsh and severe methods began to show some changes. Society slowly (43) children a role of more importance. Books were written expressly for them and gradually laws were passed for their protection. In the past few decades parents have become more attentive to the needs of their children. (44) With so many now able to go to college, many educators feel that we have too many students and too few qualified teachers. Some say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness (45) . The tendency today is for teachers and parents to (46) rather than provide a generalized higher education.