You never see him, but they’re with you every time
you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you’re traveling and whether
everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand
almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They’re
known as the black box. When planes fall from the sky, as a
Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30,
2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a
French submarine(潜水艇) detected the device’s homing signal five days later, the
discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which
152 passengers were killed. In 1958, Australian scientist David
Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information
like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which
became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often
failed to withstand crashes, however, So in 1965 the device was completely
redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane--the area least subject to
impact--from its original position in the landing wells(起落架舱). The same year,
the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never
actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modem airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which
tracks pilots’ conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors
fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators
reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments. Placed in an insulated(隔绝的) case and
surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can
withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2000℉. When submerged, they’re
also able to emit signals from depths of 20000ft. Experts believe the boxes from
Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 12009, are in water
nearly that deep, but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up. In the
approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane’s black
boxes were never recovered. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni
airliner
A. Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.
B. The total number of passengers on board.
C. The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.
D. Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.