单项选择题

The structure of primary schooling in Australia varies between states and territories. The primary level consists of six or seven years. In some states, it is preceded by a kindergarten or preparatory grade.
The following subjects are common to primary schools in all systems: English, mathematics, social studies, arts (including music, art, craft and drama) and health (including physical education and personal development).
The junior secondary years in New South Wales, Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania are Years 7 to 10. In Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland and the Northern Territory, they are Years 8 to 10. Students normally progress to the senior secondary level of Years 11 and 12.
Assessment and certification at the end of schooling (Year 12) is by continuous assessment within schools or by a combination of internal school assessment and public examination. These procedures, which vary between the states, also form the basis for qualification for entry to universities or other tertiary institutions (高等教育机构).
Entry to colleges and universities in Australia is based on ______.