The preindustrial period of the development of cities in the United States began with the establishment of the colonies in the late 1600’s and lasted until about 1850. During this period, urban residents made up a small percent of (1) ______ the total population and cities were small on size. The leading cities were East (2) ______ Coast seaports. The importance of water transportation in the preindustrial period is reflected in building of many canals to expand the area in which trade (3) ______ could be conducted. Water power was also the chief source. Most city residents worked in commerce and trade, administration, service, the small- scale hand production of goods. Mechanic production in the United Sates had (4) ______ its beginnings only in the 1820s, when the first textile mills were set up in New England using the spinning and weaving machines that had been invented somehow earlier in England. Most people were farmers, but even city (5) ______ residents were overwhelming rural in background and experience. The (6) ______ internal structure of cities in the preindustrial period was relatively differentiated into separate areas for separate activities, for they were small (7) ______ enough such that people could easily work or ride, by horseback or by horse and wagon, to the variation of available facilities. Thus, houses, shops, and (8) ______ public buildings were typically interspersed; often the shopkeepers or artisans lived above or behind their stores. In the preindustrial cities in the United States, which we now regard as (9) ______ municipal services did not exist. Generally, residents and businesses were responsible for providing their own water supplies, disposal of sewage and garbage, and health services. In a time, firefighting and police protection (10) ______ were also provided on a volunteer basis.