填空题

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note taking.
Now listen to the mini-lecture.

ANSWER SHEET ONE
Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance.
Physiological needs: the most 1 ones for survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs.
Safety needs: needs for
— physical security
2
The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from worries, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, 3 plans, and safe working conditions.
4 : human requirements for
— love and affection
— a sense of 5
There are two ways to satisfy these needs:
— formation of relationships at workplace
— formation of relationships outside workplace
Esteem needs:
self-esteem, i.e. one’s sense of achievements and success
esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result of one’s 6
These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.
7 : need to realize one’s potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually different.
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
— Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively 8 needs.
— Needs are satisfied in 9 from the bottom up.
— Motivation for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.
— Different levels of needs may 10 when they come into play.

【参考答案】

basic/fundamental/important/essential