Five Main Literary Movements in American History Ⅰ. Transcendentalism — born in (1) the north eastern part of the US — people can achieve spirituality without (2) — individualism was highly praised — Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature as a representative of the movement Ⅱ. Romanticism — spread from Britain and Germany — centered on imagination and strong emotions — American works include the supernatural and focus on human (3) — Edgar Allen Poe: best known for tales of (4) Ⅲ. Realism — started in France - focused on events that were ordinary and typical rather than extraordinary — many writers were also concerned with (5) —Mark Twain: wrote about ordinary life in the (6) part of America Ⅳ. Naturalism — had roots in France —a person’s behavior is influenced by (7) — a person cannot escape his destiny or fate — Jack London : humans behave like animals in (8) Ⅴ. Modernism — started in Europe — probably can be described with the word (9) — find out what doesn’t work and replace it with what does —Ezra Pound: completely changed the concept of (10)