单项选择题

Passage Four
European governments are slamming the last door still open for so-called economic migrants from poor countries. Throughout the late 1980s more and more would-be migrants used this loophole. In 1992, 13 European countries were handling close to 700,000 requests for immigration a year. By June this year applications have dropped to almost a third of that rate. The largest falls are in Germany, which had Europe’s most open immigration policy, and in Sweden. In Germany almost all asylum-seekers and immigrants were let in and looked after at public expense until tribunals(法院) judged (and usually rejected) claims of persecution in their own countries. When Germany tightened the roles in July 1993, it was host to over 500,000 asylum-seekers. ①Even countries like Britain and France, which had stricter ways of separating political from economic migrants to begin with, have made it less attractive to seek asylum(避难), as new figures from the Inter-governmental Consultations on Asylum Refugees and Migration Matters.
In Geneva suggest, Britain’s Home Office is speeding ways to detect fraudulent applications and has increased fines on ships and airlines that carry illegal immigrants. A common policy on asylum and immigration is an avowed(公开宣布的) goal of the European Union. Germany, which sees itself beset by would-be immigrants crossing neighboring lands, is especially keen. ② It wants other Europeans to consider the system Germany now uses of rejecting out of hand applications for political asylum from countries deemed "safe", beginning with all of Germany’s immediate neighbors.
Other European governments, notably France’s, believe that it may be a mistake to single out a handful of countries as free from persecution. Does this not imply the French would say that asylum-seekers from countries off the list are at risk (and so deserve protection). The French government would like to be able to decide for itself. If the fall in asylum applications is a guide, Europe has a common policy: keep the poor foreigners out. But it is not clear that a fortress-Europe policy by itself can work for long, now that the Cold War is gone. As Jonas Widgren, who monitors European migration in Vienna, points out, unless Western Europe works more closely on migration with Eastern Europe and Russia, it is simply storing up troubles.
Which of the following is implied in the passage