填空题

Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they re- present. Concepts of reading have changed (47) over the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention bas been devoted to defining and describing the reading process. Although specialists agree that reading involves a complex organization of higher mental (48) , they disagree a- bout the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily us a code using symbols to represent sounds, (49) reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand for. These authorities (50) that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is (51) related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without (52) their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, according to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who actually reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its entirety. By some expert they would not be (53) as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use. By the most (54) and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to (55) the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various (56) at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do so widely and enthusiastically. In short reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
A — contempt B — substantially C — reassure D — explaining
E — interpreting F — functions G — inexplicably H — inclusive
I — view J — purposes K — conclusive L — unlock
M — contend N — classified O — opinions