填空题

Meaning in Literature
In reading literary works, we are concerned with the "meaning" of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue.
There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.
Ⅰ. Meaning is what is intended by (1) ______ (1) ______
Apart from reading an author’s work in question, readers need to
1) read (2) ______ by the same author; (2) ______
2) get familiar with (3) ______at the time; (3) ______
3) get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.
Ⅱ. Meaning exists "in" the text itself.
1) some people’s view: meaning is produced by the formal properties
of the text like (4) ______, etc. (4) ______
2) speaker’s view: meaning is created by both conventions of
meaning and (5) ______ (5) ______
Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common
traditions and conventions of usage. But different time periods & different
(6) ______ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of (6) ______
meaning in context.
Ⅲ. Meaning is created by (7) ______ (7) ______
1) meaning is (8) ______; (8) ______
2) meaning is contextual;
3) meaning requires (9) _________; (9) ______
—practicing competency in reading
—practicing other eompetencies
—background research in (10) ______, etc. (10) ______