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Criticism of human space flight comes from many quarters. Some critics point to the high
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of manned missions. They contend that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has a full slate of tasks to accomplish and that human space flight is draining
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from more important missions. Other critics question the scientific value of sending people into space. Their argument is that human space flight is a(n)
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"stunt" and that scientific goals can be more easily and satisfactorily accomplished by
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spacecraft.
But the actual experience of astronauts and cosmonauts over the past 40 years has decisively shown the merits of people as
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of space. Human capability is required in space to install and maintain complex scientific instruments and to conduct field exploration. These tasks take advantage of human
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experience and judgment. They demand skills that are unlikely to be automated within the foreseeable future. A program of purely robotic exploration is
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in addressing the important scientific issues that make the planets worthy of detailed study.
Many of the scientific instruments sent into space
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careful emplacement (放置) and alignment (排列) to work properly. Astronauts have successfully deployed instruments in Earth orbit and on the surface of Earth"s moon. In the case of the
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telescope, the repair of the originally flawed instrument and its continued maintenance has been ably accomplished by space shuttle
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on servicing missions. From 1969 to 1972 the Apollo astronauts carefully set up and aligned a variety of experiments on the lunar surface, which provided scientists with a detailed
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of the moon"s interior by measuring seismic (地震的) activity and heat flow. These experiments operated flawlessly for eight years until shut down in 1977 for fiscal rather than technical
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.
Elaborate robotic techniques have been envisioned to allow the remote emplacement of instruments on planets or moons.
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, surface rovers could conceivably install a network of seismic monitors. But these techniques have yet to be
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in actual space operations. Very sensitive instruments cannot tolerate the rough handling of robotics deployment. Thus, the
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versions of such networks would very likely have lower sensitivity and capability than their human-deployed counterparts do.
【参考答案】
For example[解析] 空格所在句是对上文Elaborate robotic techniques的具体举例。故......