Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
A famous US climate scientist at the centre of the "climategate’ has been
virtually cleared of professional misconduct by an internal university inquiry.
Michael Mann of Penn State University featured regularly in the more than 1 000
emails that were hacked from the University of East Anglia (UEA) in the UK last
November. His emails and comments have since then featured in countless blogs
and news articles. Some have claimed the emails reveal that many climate
scientists have changed data in order to demonstrate that climate change is
caused by human activities. The scientists in the emails, including Mann, have
also been accused of seeking to prevent the publication of doubting research in
academic journals. Penn State University opened an inquiry into
Mann’s behavior in November, shortly after the emails were leaked into the
public attention. After going through 1 075 emails and focusing on that were
believed relevant to public idea of misconduct by Mann, the inquiry has, by and
large, cleared his name. The internal inquiry has found that Mann did not
participate in, directly or indirectly, any actions to hide or change data, nor
did he remove or otherwise destroy emails, information and/or data relating to
Climate Change’s 2007 report. One email that has received much media attention
was sent to Mann by Phil Jones, then director of the UEA’s Climatic Research
Unit. It asked Mann to delete some emails regarding the 2007 IPCC
report. The report is not clear about whether Mann’s behavior
has harmed the public trust in science, it cites Penn State’s official ethical
standards, which says faculty have an obligation to maintain high moral
standards in order to raise public trust in science. It then goes on to discuss
the fallout from the email leak which, it says, may have driven the public into
two camps: one that believes the leak harms climate science and another that
does not. "After careful consideration of all the evidence and relevant
materials, the inquiry committee could not make a definitive finding whether
there exists any evidence to prove that Dr. Mann did engage in, or participate
in, directly or indirectly, any actions against accepted academic practices,"
reads the report. This final point will now be at the centre of a further
investigation. "This is very much the proof I expected since I
am confident I have done nothing wrong," Mana told New Scientist. "I fully
support the additional inquiry which may be the best way to remove any remaining
doubts." Mann told New Scientist that he hoped to have more inquiry to ______.