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Economic Growth The economy of a nation
requires (46) . Total output must grow if the country is to
absorb about 1.5 million new workers who enter the labor force each year and
more workers who are replaced each year as a form of technological change. If
the nation produced the same level of output each year, instead of increasing
it, people would have fewer jobs, growing unemployment, and a decline in the
per-capita(人均的)income of the nation. To maintain or increase the existing
standard of living and to prevent unemployment from rising, (47)
. Higher rates of employment and substantial per-capita output gains
seem to occur when the real economic growth rate is over 3%, as it was in the
years 1983 through 1988. Recent experience shows that, with a real growth rate
of less than 2.5%,the U.S. economy suffers from (48)
. For example, unemployment at the end of 1990 was
5.4% of the labor force. But by the end of 1991, unemployment was more than 6.6%
of the labor force. Why did this happen Simply because the real output of goods
and services declined in 1991. New members into the labor force could not be
absorbed, so (49) . Furthermore, a large number of workers
withdrew from the labor force altogether because (50) .
Instead of rising in 1991, the real GDP actually fell 0.7%. Real GDP rose again
in 1992 by 2.6%, but unemployment also rose to 7.3% of the labor force. CDP
con～tinued to rise during 1993, gained a 3%. At the same time unemployment stood
at 6.8% of the labor force. Per-capita income also grew again during 1993. A
unemployment rose B they were unable to find work C a
healthy rate of economic growth D out of work E they must
increase real gross domestic product (GDP) continuously F higher
unemployment and limited, gains in per-capita output and income