单项选择题

Why Obama Should Learn to Love the Bomb
On Sept. 24,President Barack Obama will bring together 14 world leaders for a special U. N. Security Council meeting in New York. On the agenda: how to rid the world of nuclear weapons. The summit is the latest step in the administration’s campaign to eliminate nukes.
The efforts to eliminate nukesare all grounded in the same proposition: that nuclear weapons represent the" gravest threat" to U. S. security. This argument has a lot going for it. It’s also popular; U.S. presidents have been making similar noises since the Eisenhower administration, and halting the spread of nukes( if not eliminating them altogether) is one of the few things Obama, Vladimir Putin and Benjamin Netanyahu can all agree on. There’s just one problem with the reasoning : it may well be wrong.
A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in fact, make the World more dangerous. The bomb may actually make us safer. This argument rests on two deceptively simple observations. First, nuclear weapons have not been used since 1945. Second, there’s never been a nuclear war, or even a nonnuclear war between two states that possess them. Just stop for a second and think about that : it’s hard to overstate how remarkable it is. especially given the singular viciousness of the 20th century. As Kenneth Waltz, the leading" nuclear optimist" and a professor of political science at UC Berkeley puts it," We now have 64 years of experience since Hiroshi- ma. It’s striking and against all historical precedent that for that substantial period, there has not been any war among nuclear states. "
To understand why the next 64 years are likely to play out the same way—Iyou need to start by recognizing that all states are rational on some basic level. Their leaders may be stupid, petty even evil, but they tend to do things only when they’re pretty sure they can get away with them. Take war: a country will start a fight only when it’almost certain it can get what it wants at an acceptable price. Not even Hider or Saddam waged wars they didn’t think they could win. The problem historically has been that leaders often make the wrong gamble and underestimate the other side—millions of innocents pay the price.
What is the main topic of the special U. N. Security Council meeting in New York on Sept. 24