填空题

Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economical growth is a very important goal. They want to attract new industries, and so they put more controls on industries which cause pollution.
Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants. The largest factory which exists in the south of the town has caused at least two terrible polluting disasters. The people of the town are exposed by the poisonous matters in their surroundings, and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve times common in Cubatao than in other places.
It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not carried out strict enough. For companies, it is cheaper of take no notice of the laws and pay the fines than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers.
However, the responsibility does not completely lay with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way neither. A number of factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the US They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punishing or even put out of business. ______