Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate
the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Many a myth has grown up around the brain’s asymmetry(不对称现象).
71. The left cerebral hemisphere is supposed to be the coldly logical, verbal
and dominant half of the brain, while the right developed a reputation as the
imaginative side, emotional, spatially aware but suppressed. Two personalities
in one head. Yin and Yang, hero and villain. To most
neuroscientists, of course, these notions are seen as simplistic at best and
nonsense at worst. So there was general satisfaction when a couple of years ago,
a simple brain scanner test appeared to reveal the true story about one of
neurology’s greatest puzzles: Exactly what is the difference between the two
sides of the human brain Some clinical neurologists had been pursuing the idea
that the difference between the two hemispheres lay in their style of
working. The left-brain, they reckoned, focused on detail. This
would make it the natural home for all those mental skills that need us to act
in a series of discrete steps or fix on a particular fragment of what we
perceive--skills such as recognizing a friend’s face in a crowd or "lining up"
words to make a sentence. By contrast, the right brain
concentrated on the broad, background picture. The researchers believed it had a
panoramic focus that made it good at seeing general connections; this hemisphere
was best able to represent metaphorical aspects of speech. For
example, in a test in which split-brain patients had to match a series of
household objects, the left brain would match by function while the right would
match by appearance. So, when seeing a cake on a plate, the left brain would
connect to a picture of a fork and spoon while the right brain would select a
picture of a broad-brimmed hat. 72. This evidence appeared to support the
idea of a highly modular brain in which, for example, thinking in logical
categories was a strictly left hemisphere function while mental imagery and
spatial awareness were handled on the right. But this
picture changed dramatically as soon as brain-scanning experiments began to show
that both sides of the brain played an active role in such processes. 73.
Rather it seemed to be the processing styles that distinguished the two
halves--under the scanner, language turned out to be represented on both sides
of the brain in matching areas of the cortex (皮质). Areas on the left dealt with
the core aspects of speech such as grammar and word production while aspects
such as intonation and emphasis lit up the right side. In the same way, the
right brain proved to be good at working with a general sense of space, while
equivalent areas in the left-brain fired when someone thought about objects as
particular locations.