SECTION A In this section you will hear a
mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes
on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them
to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over,
you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to
complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for
note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.
Complete the gap-filling tasks. Some of the gaps below require a maximum
of THREE words. Make sure the word( s)you fill in is( are )both grammatically
and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your
notes. The American Indians——A people in Crisis
Indians lived in North America long before the continent was settled
by Europeans. Through a long and difficult struggle that continues to this
day, the Indians have striven to (1)______their traditions, their religion
1. ______ , and their culture.
But the problem is that nowadays conditions which favored the old life
are gone for ever, and many Indians are unable to (2)______the white man’s
ways.
2. ______ Thousands of
years before Columbus came to the New World, the Indians entered North
America by crossing a narrow strip of land that once (3)______ Alaska and
Siberia. These migrants entered a new
3. ______ world in which there were
no people at all. But there were many animals to hunt, and there were (4)
______ where nuts, roots, and berries
4. ______ could be gathered. Some of
Indians moved south into Central and South America. Others traveled
(5)______to the Atlantic Ocean. Eventually
5. ______ , the people who became the
American Indians had spread across North America There are at
least (6)______separate Indian languages in North
6. ______ America, each with
its own grammar and vocabulary. And none is related in any way to English or
any other European language. The regions of
North America where the newcomers
lived (7)______greatly in climate and food supply. The regional
differences
7.______ produced two quite different types of Indians: the Plains
Indians and the Village Indians. The former, living in the plains and
eastern forests where game was plentiful, hunted and fished. While the
latter, living in tile dry (8)______, built mud brick houses and develop
8.______ (9)______
9.______
From the European viewpoint, the Indians were a primitive ston age
people, who made their (10)______ from stone, bone or wood.
10.______ They did
not know how to work metal.