Language comprehension is generally viewed in cognitive theory as consisting of active and complex processes in which individuals construct meaning from aural or written information. It is commonly proposed that the mental processes necessary for comprehending aural and written texts are sufficiently similar which comprehension of both can generally be (1)______ discussed as common phenomenon. Comprehension is generally (2)______ differentiated into three interrelated processes: perceptual processing, parsing (grammatical analysis), and utilization. In perceptual processing, attention focuses on the oral or written text, in portions of the text being (3)______ retained in short-term memory. The capacity limitations of short-term memory prevent specific word sequences from retained longer than a few (4)______ seconds, as new information on which the person attends replaces the old (5)______ information in short-term memory. In parsing, the second comprehension process, words and phrases are used to construct meaningful mental representations of text. Individuals first decode the individual words by (6)______ matching the aural or visual pattern of the word with their representation in (7)______ the declarative knowledge stored in long-term memory. The result of decoding is lexical access, and a matching between words in short-term (8)______ memory and a type of dictionary in long-term memory that enables us to identify the meanings of individual words. The third process, utilization, composes of relating a mental representation of the text meaning to (9)______ declarative knowledge, which is stored in long-term memory in terms of either propositions or schemata. Utilization is the key of comprehension and (10)______ the basic determinant that facilitates it.