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Vitamins
Vitamins are organic compounds which are present in certain foods and are essential to the health of men and other animals. (1) Without these substances, the breakdown and absorption of foods could not occur. Certain vitamins participate in the formation of blood cells, hormones, nervous system chemicals, and genetic materials. (2) Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E and K. The water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B-vitamin complex.
Fat-soluble vitamins are usually absorbed with foods that contain fat. Excessive amounts of these vitamins are stored in the body’s fat, the liver and kidneys. Because fat-soluble vitamins can be stored, they do not have to be consumed every day.
(3) A deficiency of vitamin A leads to skin changes and night blindness, or failure of the eye to adapt to the dark. Vitamin A can be obtained directly from foods of animal origin such as milk, eggs, and liver. (4) .
Vitamin D acts muck like a hormone and regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism. Some vitamin D is obtained from such foods as eggs, fish, liver, butter, and milk. But humans get most of their vitamin D from exposure of the skin to sunlight. A deficiency of vitamin D leads to bone problems.
The role of vitamin E in the human body has not been established. (5) Vitamin E is found in seed oil and wheat.
Vitamin K is necessary for the clotting of blood. It is produced in sufficient quantities by bacteria in the intestine, but is also provided by leafy green vegetables and eggs.
The water-soluble vitamins, C and B complex, cannot be stored and therefore need to be consumed daily to satisfy the body’s needs. Vitamin C is important in the formation and maintenance of connective tissue. It protects gums, skin, and mucous membranes. It is mainly found in fruits like oranges.
B-complex vitamins serve a wide range of important metabolic functions and prevent some diseases. They are found mostly in the liver.
A. Vitamins are classified into two groups, that is, the fat-soluble (溶解脂肪的) and the water-soluble (溶解水的) vitamins.
B. Their functions are mainly to enhance the metabolism (新陈代谢) of proteins and fats.
C. It is necessary for a healthy life.
D. Vitamin A is essential for normal growth and for the health of epithelial cells.
E. It has been popularly advocated for a great variety of diseases, but no clear evidence exists that it eases any specific disease.
F. Vitamin A can also be obtained through eating green and yellow fruits and vegetables.

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