Meaning in Literature In reading literary works, we are concerned with the "meaning" of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature. Ⅰ. Meaning is what is intended by (1) ______ (1) ______ Apart from reading an author’s work in question, readers need to 1) read (2) ______ by the same author; (2) ______ 2) get familiar with (3) ______at the time; (3) ______ 3) get to know cultural values and symbols of the time. Ⅱ. Meaning exists "in" the text itself. 1) some people’s view: meaning is produced by the formal properties of the text like (4) ______, etc. (4) ______ 2) speaker’s view: meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and (5) ______ (5) ______ Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage. But different time periods & different (6) ______ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of (6) ______ meaning in context. Ⅲ. Meaning is created by (7) ______ (7) ______ 1) meaning is (8) ______; (8) ______ 2) meaning is contextual; 3) meaning requires (9) _________; (9) ______ —practicing competency in reading —practicing other eompetencies —background research in (10) ______, etc. (10) ______