填空题

The preindustrial period of the development of cities in the United States
began with the establishment of the colonies in the late 1600’s and lasted until
about 1850. During this period, urban residents made up a small percent of (1) ______
the total population and cities were small on size. The leading cities were East (2) ______
Coast seaports. The importance of water transportation in the preindustrial
period is reflected in building of many canals to expand the area in which trade (3) ______
could be conducted. Water power was also the chief source. Most city
residents worked in commerce and trade, administration, service, the small-
scale hand production of goods. Mechanic production in the United Sates had (4) ______
its beginnings only in the 1820s, when the first textile mills were set up in
New England using the spinning and weaving machines that had been invented
somehow earlier in England. Most people were farmers, but even city (5) ______
residents were overwhelming rural in background and experience. The (6) ______
internal structure of cities in the preindustrial period was relatively
differentiated into separate areas for separate activities, for they were small (7) ______
enough such that people could easily work or ride, by horseback or by horse
and wagon, to the variation of available facilities. Thus, houses, shops, and (8) ______
public buildings were typically interspersed; often the shopkeepers or artisans
lived above or behind their stores.
In the preindustrial cities in the United States, which we now regard as (9) ______
municipal services did not exist. Generally, residents and businesses were
responsible for providing their own water supplies, disposal of sewage and
garbage and health services. In a time, firefighting and police protection (10) ______
were also provided on a volunteer basis.