SECTION A In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You
will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the
lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but
you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET
ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for
note-taking. Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below
may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you
fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer
to your note. Statistic Ⅰ. The defendant is guilty or not
1) Expert: A. A DNA
sample (1) defendant’s.
(1) ______
B. The possibility of odds is one in million.
2) Defense lawyer:
Counter the fact that if in a city of three million people, there
are (2) (2) ______
matching each other’s DNA. Ⅱ.
Unjust discrimination 1)
Universities add additional points to minority group students.
They unlawfully make an easier (3)
for those students.
(3) ______ 2)
Annie was kept from (4) . Her lawyer used statistics to show
(4)
______ that workers, who were not
in (5) group, with the same
(5) ______
qualifications were promoted.
3) Tobacco companies won the cases because of the
(6) .
(6) ______
Warning: statistics should be (7) along with
other evidence. (7)
______ Ⅲ. Statistics in calculation:
1) (8) analysis: e.g. Bert could
no longer work. Statisticians
(8) ______ predict how
long he could work and how long he could have made.
2) Multiple regression analysis: Statistician finds the "best
fit" for all the sample data
when multiple independent (9) are at work.
(9) ______ Ⅳ. Statistics on the
witness stand: --experts know how
to make statistics (10)
(10) ______ --cross
examine and challenge the validity of statistics