填空题

Teaching involves more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is (36) toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher us a group leader who creates an (37) organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is (38) disorganized, unclear about its goals, or (39) fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with (40) . Perhaps a few closely (41) groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for (42) in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages (43) Standards and rules must be established that maintain order, ensure justice, and protect individual rights, but do not contradict(与…矛盾) school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights (44) . Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without input from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in ruining the class environment, finding ways to break rules. (45) .Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. (46) .One task for the teacher is to restore a positive environment by helping students cope with conflict, change, and stress.