单项选择题
| There are two kinds of division of
labor: that based on age and that based on sex. Division of labor by age results in the obvious biological fact that human beings 62 three major periods of development. In childhood, the human is in large part dependent upon adults for food, shelter, and other 63 ; he has neither the strength nor the skills to 64 for himself. Children, in most societies, have only light tasks as helpers 65 adults or none at all, and when duties are 66 , these are often regarded as educational, to prepare the child for his adult 67 . Adulthood is ordinarily the period of greatest vigor and ability. The adult man or woman 68 on full responsibility for the duties of his/her sex and special occupation. In many societies, in particular those 69 the technology requires physical strength and stamina, the adult in the prime of life 70 a dominant role and is often assigned the more responsible position in the group. Old age, since it inevitably brings 71 a loss in muscular vigor and a decline in sight, hearing and coordination, again results in a change in occupational status. This does not necessarily mean that the old lose 72 ; many societies make full use of their older members’ experience and wisdom and employ them to direct the efforts of the more vigorous 73 no-so-experienced adults. Sex division of labor is more difficult to 74 for in strictly biological terms. A careful survey of the division of labor by sex lends little support to the often-repeated 75 that women are 76 only for occupations that require relatively little skill or intelligence. In recent years women, freed from economic 77 to men, have shown themselves fully 78 in nearly all professions in which they have been given the opportunity to participate. Man’s wider range of occupation and the fact 79 he very often occupies the more important positions of leadership in human societies, is probably 80 due to his allegedly superior intelligence than to his greater freedom from the biological function of childbirth and the necessarily 81 duties in the care of infant. |