SECTION A In this section you will hear a
mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes
on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need
them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is
over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes
to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for
note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.
Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below require a maximum of
THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and
semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.
On the Origin of Body Language
The Origin of Body Language has a lot to do with the emotions.
The emotions are a hot topic of the 1990s. As we all know, social
relationships are lubricated, glued together and (1)______ by the emotions.
1.______ But how to express or develop emotions efficiently
Let’s turn to Charles Darwin’s 1872 classic The Expression of the Emotions
for answer. According to Darwin, emotions are expressed not
(2)______but
2. ______ in body language.
Darwin summed up three principles governing emotional expression. The
first one refers to some emotions that are expressed in a way that
i posturally appropriate for the related (3)______. Darwin called these
3.
______ expressions "serviceable associated habits," and they are the easiest
to understand. His second principle is (4)______, which refers to some
4.
______ emotions that appear to be expressed by a (5)______opposite to that
5.______ of the opposite emotion, this third principle, which has never found
many supporters, is called the direct action of the (6)______system trod it
6. ______ is
used to explain, for instance, trembling as an expression of fear.
Even before Darwin, some social and political theorists of the
18th century already held the general idea that emotional expression is
unique to (7)______. They supposed that the Creator had installed
blushing
7. ______ in humans to (8)______antisocial behavior and make social life
possible.
8.______ Darwin’s original intention to write the book is to
demonstrate the continuity of emotional expression between humans and many
other (9)______. But as his project grew it took on new dimensions, and
9.______ he finally finished his book that was (10)______around his three
10.______ principles of emotional expression but not the question of
evolutionary continuity.