Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small
colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church
(36) institutions whose primary concern was to (37)
the moral character of their students. Throughout
Europe, institutions of (38) learning had developed, bearing
the ancient name of (39) . In Germany a different kind of
university had developed. The German university was concerned (40)
with creating and spreading knowledge, not (41) .
Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young
Americans, (42) with their training at home, went to Germany
for (43) study. Some of them returned
(44) The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and
brought in a new kind of faculty. (45) The new principle was
that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called
for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were
replaced by the German method of lecturing, (46) Graduate
training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest
level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced.
【参考答案】
in which the professor’s own research was presented to the c......