单项选择题

The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao is Junot Diaz’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of 2007. It’s the story or story-set of several generations of a Dominican and later Dominican-American family, the de Leons. The de Leons are, or may be, cursed, along with thousands of other Dominicans. They are certainly victims, of the notorious despot Rafaello Trujillo, who ruled or misruled Dominica in the middle decades of the 20th century. The book is a tale of murder, torture, bad luck, unhappiness, but also great resilience (恢复).
The novel’s central character is Oscar de Leon ("Wao"), a grotesquely fat, ugly, sexually frustrated working class Dominican kid living in Paterson, New Jersey. His story frames the tragic history of the de Leon family. The closest people to him are also the story’s narrators.. Lola, Oscar’s sister, and Yunior, a college friend. Oscar is a geek, and in nothing is he more geeky than in his loser’s passion for science-fiction and fantasy and role-playing games. But this sad young man is also immensely charming and kindly, and his nerdish passions will provide part of the redemptive charge of Diaz’s saga.
His mother is the beautiful and formidable Belicia. Belicia seems appallingly cruel to her daughter, the no-less striking Lola, and we are unsurprised when Lola runs away from home. And yet the reader has sympathy too for the mother, who has contracted breast cancer, and who spends the whole of her life, from dawn till dusk, working for her family.
All of this must make the novel seem very bleak, and it often is. But there is light in the darkness, the sheer gutsiness of the characters. How ever often Oscar, Belica and Lola are knocked down, they always seem to get up.
Another resource of hope is the incredible language Díaz has devised, which has enormous bounce and humor. A combination of Spanish and English, it is a recognizable product of modern America, with its huge Spanish-speaking population. It can appropriate everything, from street speech to high literature; from the history of Latin America to the popular genres of sci-fi and fantasy so beloved of Oscar.
With this language a spell or "zafa" is cast against the curse or "fukǘ" of Trujillo and the nightmare of his regime and its legacy. As one of the narrators, Yunior, says early in the book: "Even now as I write these words I wonder if this book ain’t a zafa of sorts. My very own counterspell. \
The background information of the novel that can be concluded from the first paragraph is that ______.