填空题

Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church (36) institutions whose primary concern was to (37) the moral character of their students.
Throughout Europe, institutions of (38) learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of (39) . In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned (40) with creating and spreading knowledge, not (41) . Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, (42) with their training at home, went to Germany for (43) study.
Some of them returned (44) The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. (45) The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, (46) Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced.