Section B There is one passage in this section with
five unfinished statements. Read the passage carefully, and then complete each
statement in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the answer
sheet. Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following
passage. Named after an ex-Governor of New South Wales,
Sydney is the State’s capital city. Located on the south-east coast of Australia
in the temperate zone, it enjoys a mild climate, averaging 14.5 hours of
sunshine per day in summer and 10.25 hours in winter. It is also the largest,
oldest, and perhaps most beautifully situated city in Australia. First
established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern
cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial,
business, and manufacturing centres. Sydney is home to nearly
4.4 million people (as of 1997). The suburbs reach out from the city centre and
harbour some 55 km to the north, 35 km to the west and 30 km to the south,
creating a metropolitan area of about 3,000 square kilometres. The 57 square
kilometre harbour is one of the largest in the world, and famous for the
unmistakable 134 metre high arch of the Harbour Bridge and the graceful sails of
the Opera House. It is a busy waterway with ferries, freighters, hydrofoils and
pleasure craft. Not far from the city centre are the attractive
old residential suburbs of Balmain, Glebe, and Paddington, where many people
live in smart terraced houses. Art galleries, pubs, and restaurants abound in
the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow, whereas the suburbs surrounding
the city’s colleges and universities consist mainly of family homes and
multi-unit blocks--an ideal situation for students looking for a homestay, or to
rent. Sydney’s newer suburbs now have a large multicultural population, and
local shopping centres reflect the influences of many cultures.
As well as scores of cinemas and theatres throughout the city and suburbs,
there are numerous clubs which appeal to people of all ages, and cater for all
tastes. Pubs are the venue for smaller modern hands, while the big-name popular
music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the
huge Entertainment Centre in the heart of the city. In Sydney, a
vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and
pockets. In summer, car patrons often sit outside at tables under umbrellas, and
enjoy the passing parade of shoppers. Students who prefer to cook at home
can choose from several large weekend markets, where fresh fruit, fish, and
vegetables may be bought more cheaply than at the local supermarket. Sydney also
has its own Chinatown. In the heart of the city are several big
department stores linked by enclosed over-the-street crossings and underground
walkways. Most noticeable are the towering Centrepoint complex and the Queen
Victoria Building, both containing many shopping arcades, coffee shops and
restaurants. Out of town, in the suburbs, there are huge regional shopping
centres. At the weekend markets, bargains can be had when shopping for clothing
as well as for a wide range of assorted goods. Australia is
recognised as one of the most sports-conscious nations in the world. Sydney
boasts an impressive number of facilities for all types of indoor and outdoor
sporting activities. Wherever one goes, there are golf courses, cricket pitches,
football ovals, tennis and squash courts, and, of course, indoor and outdoor
swimming pools. Avid ice-skating and ten-pin bowling fans will find that these
activities are also popular and inexpensive. Whatever a student
is interested in, it is certain to be available somewhere in Sydney. Outside the
colleges and universities the scope for filling the leisure hours is enormous,
while on campus the choice is equally varied. Sydney was first established as ______.