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所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。[精解] The......

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For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition based on the following graph which shows the change in Expenses in Shanghai. You should write not less than 150 words for your composition and it must include the following ideas (given in Chinese ) : Statistics of Family Expenses in Shanghai 19801990200Food & Clothing68%45%20%Recreation3%5%8%Education6%16%22%Health Care6%10%16%Others17%24%35% (1)根据上图描述该城市家庭支出的变化； (2)分析产生这些变化的原因； (3)说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响。
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这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史研究是具体方法的研究。[精解] It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources，and to social science historians who equate their activities with specific techniques．句子分析：一、句子可以拆分为三段：It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources， and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques．二、句子的结构1)主干结构是：It applies equally to．．．，and to．．．直译为这既适应于……又适应于，……引申为这既存在于……又存在于……2)traditional historians who view history as．．．和social science historians who equate．．． with．．．是并列结构，指两种历史学家，各有定语从句修饰。三、词的处理：It 主语指示代词，联系上下文意思是“这种谬论”；traditional historians 传统历史学家，历史传统派；view history as 把历史看作是；sources 源泉，引申为史料来源；social science historians 社会科学历史学家，历史社科派；their activities 活动，引申为历史学研究活动，历史研究；equate．．．with 把……等同于，认为……是；specific techniques 具体方法。
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