问答题

The Frontier and the Family The impact of the frontier has been traditionally assumed by historians, who have studied its (47)______ on mountain men and cowboys, on different political and social institutions. Yet the impact of the frontier on the most common dimension of life—upon the family—remains largely (48)______. Although family has been (49)______ significant in the historical process, it is relatively a new area of historical research. In terms of westward migration, family played a special role. For people who (50)______ the church as much as the state, family was the only institution that could be entrusted with the enterprise of settling the continent. A Christian family was enough of the church; a Christian family was (51)______ expression of political and social order. In 1862, Congress provided for the (52)______ of lands to heads of households in a law, but that law merely recognized that settlement had been the business of families since the seventeenth century. Families took up the challenge of the western lands in a variety of ways. Some families moved west in loosely (53)______ groups made up of families in similar directions. They drew up constitutions and elected leaders and generally applied the democratic process to the journey west. The government, for its part, (54)______ little help — no maps or transportation, no tools or agricultural information, no medical services and little protection. Beyond the westward-running rivers there was no road until wagons left deep (55)______ on the ground so that one could see a trail — or until enough wagons became lost and doubled back to warn others against their mistakes. Nonetheless, the attraction of "free land" was irresistible. One day or another, in a wagon train or all alone, a family packed its (56)______ and livestock and set off toward the next "empty" space. Word Bank A) provided B) usually C) unexamined D) tracks E) sufficient F) bend G) organized H) effects I) mistrusted J) farming K) bargain L) especially M) considerable N) belongings O) distribution