Survival of English Language Ⅰ. Introduction —English widespread in the 21st century — (1) show(s) how English survived Ⅱ. Five periods of its survival 1) 410 CE to the mid-Sth century — (2) mercenaries coming and spreading their language among the Britons —center of (3) : York in Northumbia 2) Mid-Sth century to 899 —The Danes replaced the Anglo-Saxons to rule Northumbia, but were (4) by Alfred of Wessex. —Alfred called on people to revive English. —Center was shifted to Winchester. —Alfred’s (5) enabled most of the existing laws and literary works to be in English. 3) 959 to 1066 —England was divided into (6) and English speaking areas. —Canute became ruler of a united kingdom. —Center was moved to London. —Edward succeeded Canute and English gave way to (7) 4) 1080 to the 17th century —Written English (8) before the advent of "Provision of Oxford". —Since 14th century, English had gained renewed life. — (9) English appeared in the 17th century. 5) 1837 to today —English was used widely as a result of (10) , computer, the World Wide Web and rapid communication.