SECTION A In this section you will hear a
mini-lecture, You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes
on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them
to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over,
you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to
complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for
note-taking. Complete the gap-filling task, Some of the gaps
below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is
(are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your
notes. Theories of
History Ⅰ. How much we know about history
A. Written records exist for only a fraction of man’s time
B. The accuracy of these records is often (1) ,
(1) ______ and details in them often needs
improvement. Ⅱ. Reconstruction of history before
writing A. being difficult because of the (2)
of history to us (2) ______ B.
the most that we can do is: use (3)
(3) ______ and the
knowledge of the habits of animals. Ⅲ. Theories about
history A. Objective: to (4) the beginning
and
(4) ______ deduce the end of man’s story. B. One theory
believes that man continually (5)
(5) ______ — (6)
must be more intelligent and civilized
(6) ______ than his ancestors. —Human
race will evolve into a race of (7)
(7) ______ C. The second theory holds
the man’s history is like a (8) (8) ______ of
development. —Modern man is not the most
superior. —Modem man may be inferior to members of
(9) (9)
______ D. The third theory: Human societies repeat a cycle of
stages, but overall progress is (10) in the long
historical perspective.(10) ______